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Protect small pets: Some pets cannot have vaccinations, so their owners must prevent contact with wild animals.

Vaccinate pets: Find out how often to vaccinate cats, dogs, ferrets, and other domestic or farm animals, and keep the vaccinations up to date.

Individuals should follow some safety rules to reduce the chance of contracting rabies. In rural Canada and the U.S., agencies have dropped bait containing an oral vaccine to reduce the number of wild animals with rabies.

enhanced access to medical care to people who receive bites.

widespread vaccinations of humans in some areas.

bans or restrictions on the import of animals from certain countries.

regular rabies vaccinations for pets and domestic animals.

Rabies is a serious disease, but individuals and governments can take steps to prevent infections. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), there are various ways of achieving this depending on the scheduling and frequency of vaccines. Doctors administer RIG as soon as possible, close to the bite wound, to prevent the virus from causing infection in the individual.

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Preexposure protection requires three doses of rabies vaccine across 28 days.įor post-exposure protection, previously unvaccinated people need four doses of the rabies vaccine, plus rabies immune globulin (RIG). It triggers the immune response to produce antibodies, which remain in the body and help protect against future rabies infections.ĭoctors administer the rabies vaccine into the upper arm. Rabies vaccine contains an inactivated or a harmless version of the rabies virus, so it cannot cause the disease. Other people may receive the vaccine following exposure to the virus after an animal bite. These individuals may receive regular vaccinations. Instead, they reserve it for those at high risk of rabies exposure, such as laboratory staff working with the virus that causes the disease, veterinarians, and people likely to receive animal bites. Rabies vaccineĭoctors do not offer the rabies vaccine routinely. These individuals may also need breathing assistance. Instead, healthcare professionals will usually try and make a person with symptoms as comfortable as possible. Because doctors do not usually know whether the animal had rabies, it is safer to assume that they do and begin vaccination.Ī small number of people have survived rabies, but most cases are fatal once symptoms develop, and there is no effective treatment at this stage.

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They must then seek immediate medical attention.Īfter exposure and before symptoms begin, a series of shots can treat potential rabies infections. This might minimize the number of viral particles.

If a person has a bite or scratch from an animal that may have rabies, or if the animal licks an open wound, the individual should immediately wash any bites and scratches for 15 minutes with soapy water, povidone iodine, or detergent. Even the thought of swallowing water can cause spasms, making it appear that the individual is afraid of water. The reason is that the infection causes intense spasms in the throat when a person tries to swallow. People used to call rabies hydrophobia because it appears to cause a fear of water. During the coma stage, even with supportive therapy, virtually no person survives rabies. Coma and deathĪ person may enter a coma, and most people then die within 3 days. Toward the end of this phase, breathing becomes rapid and inconsistent.

priapism, or permanent erection, in males.

hallucinations, nightmares, and insomnia.

hypersalivation, or producing a lot of saliva.

hyperventilation and difficulty breathing.

Prodromeĭuring prodrome, early, flu-like symptoms occur, including:ĭuring this stage, neurologic symptoms develop, including: Anyone who has exposure to the virus should seek medical help immediately, without waiting for symptoms. The closer the bite is to the brain, the sooner the effects are likely to appear.īy the time symptoms appear, rabies is usually fatal. It usually lasts from 2–3 months and varies from 1 week to 1 year, depending on where the virus entered the body and the number of viral particles involved. Incubation is the time before symptoms appear. Rabies progresses in five distinct stages: